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[Reports]
Species
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Spawning
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Common Name(s) |
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Abudefduf saxatilis
Synonyms: Abudefduf ascensionis, Abudefduf caudobimaculatus, Abudefduf coelestinus, Abudefduf marginatus, Abudefduf saxiatilis, Abudefduf septemfasciatus, Abudefduf sexatilis, Abudefduf vaigiensis, Apogon quinquevittatus, Chaetodon marginatus, Chaetodon mauritii, Chaetodon sargoides, Chaetodon saxatilis, Glyphidodon saxatilis, Glyphisodon biniar, Glyphisodon moucharra, Glyphisodon rahti, Glyphisodon vaigiensis
Environment: Reef-associated; non-migratory; marine; depth range 0 - 20 m
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 22.9 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 26340); common length : 15.0 cm SL male/unsexed; max. published weight: 200 g
Distribution: Atlantic Ocean: Canada (Ref. 5951) to Rhode Island, USA to Uruguay in the western Atlantic, abundant on Caribbean reefs; around islands of the mid-Atlantic, Cape Verde, and along the tropical coast of western Africa south to Angola. This species is strictly an Atlantic species. It is replaced in the Indo-Pacific region by the closely related Abudefduf vaigiensis (G. Allen, pers. comm.).
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 13; Dorsal soft rays (total): 12 - 13; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 10 - 12. Greenish yellow above, shading to white below, with 5 prominent vertical black bars that narrow toward belly (Ref. 26938). A faint sixth bar may be present posteriorly on caudal peduncle; a black spot at upper base of pectoral fin. The adult male becomes dark bluish, the black bars thus less conspicuous on the body
Biology: Juveniles are common in tide pools while adults found over shallow reef tops. Adults frequently form large feeding aggregations of up to several hundred individuals. Food items include algae, small crustaceans and fish, and various invertebrate larvae (Ref. 3139). At Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, this species feeds on spinner dolphins’ feces and vomits. The offal feeding may be regarded as a simple behavioral shift from plankton feeding to drifting offal picking. Also, juveniles may hold cleaning stations together with the doctorfish (Acanthurus chirurgus) and the blue tang (Acanthurus coeruleus) and graze algae as well as pick molted skin and parasites from green turtles (Chelonia mydas ). This behavior is preceded by a characteristic inspection usually followed by feeding nips on the turtles’ skin (head, limbs, and tail), as well as on the carapace. The most inspected and cleaned body parts are the flippers (Ref. 48727, 51385). Adult males adopt a bluish ground color when guarding eggs. Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205). Eggs are demersal and adhere to the substrate (Ref. 205). Attracted to divers who feed fish. Marketed fresh (Ref. 3139). Has been reared in captivity (Ref. 35420).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/speciessummary.php?id=1119
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Abudefduf saxatilis
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Fish
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D
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C
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Sargeant Major
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Acanthochromis polyacanthus
Synonyms: Abudefduf jordani, Acanthochromis polyacathus, Acanthocromis polyacanthus, Chromis desmostigma, Dascyllus polyacanthus, Heptadecanthus brevipinnis, Heptadecanthus longicaudis, Heptadecanthus maculosus, Homalogrystes guntheri
Environment: Reef-associated; non-migratory; marine; depth range 1 - 65 m
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 14.0 cm TL male/unsexed;
Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia and the Philippines to northeastern Australia and Melanesia.
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 17; Dorsal soft rays (total): 14 - 16; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 14 - 16. Color pattern variable, ranging from entirely blackish to uniform pale gray.
Biology: Inhabits inshore and offshore coral reefs (Ref. 9710). Also found in harbors, lagoons and outer reef slopes. The only pomacentrid species that lacks a pelagic larval stage. One of the very few marine fishes where fry are guarded by the parents (Ref. 9710, 48636). School as they grow and sub-adults are usually seen in small groups. Adults form pairs and are territorial when breeding (Ref. 48636). Monogamous (Ref. 52884).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/speciessummary.php?id=6655
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Acanthochromis polyacanthus
Has Successfully been bred and raised in captivity
Reference: http://www.marinebreeder.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=170&t=6624
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Fish
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D
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A
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Spiny Damsel, Orangeline Chromis
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Acanthostracion quadricornis
Synonyms: Acanthostracion tricornis, Lactophrys quadricornis, Lactophrys tricornis, Ostracion quadricornis, Ostracion tricornis
Environment: Marine; reef-associated; depth range ? - 80 m (Ref. 26938), usually 10 - 30 m (Ref. 40849). Subtropical; 43°N - 37°S, 98°W - 26°E
Size/Weight/Age: Maturity: Lm 22.2, range 17 - ? cm
Max length : 55.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 6937); common length : 20.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3696)
Distribution: Atlantic Ocean: in tropical and temperate waters (Ref. 3696). Western Atlantic: Massachusetts (USA), Bermuda, and northern Gulf of Mexico to southeastern Brazil. Reported from tip of South Africa.
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 10. Dark markings on head and body; parallel bands on cheek. Pair of prominent spines projecting from in front of eyes suggests cow horns. Second pair of spines at lower rear corners of cuirass (Ref. 26938). Body deep, covered with hexagonal dermal plates (Ref. 37521).
Biology: Found in shallow water down to about 80 m, mainly in seagrass beds (Ref. 3696). Feeds on sessile invertebrates such as tunicates, gorgonians and anemones, as well as on slow-moving crustaceans, sponges (Ref. 3696), hermit crabs and marine plants (Ref. 13442). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Considered an excellent food fish; marketed fresh (Ref. 3696).
Data Sheet: http://fishbase.org/summary/speciessummary.php?id=92
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Acanthostracion quadricornis
Has Successfully been bred and raised in captivity
Reference: http://www.rcthawaii.com/cvb/5.htm
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Fish
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P
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D
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Scrawled Cowfish
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Acartia tonsa
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Food
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N/A
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FC2
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Acreichthys radiatus
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Fish
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D
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C
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Radiated Filefish
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Acreichthys tomentosus
Synonyms: Balistes tomentosus, Monacanthus tomentosus, Parvagor tomentosus, Pervagor tomentosus, Stephanolepis tomentosus
Environment: Reef-associated; non-migratory; marine; depth range 2 - 15 m (Ref. 48637)
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 12.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 43248)
Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa to Fiji, north to the Ryukyu Islands, south to New South Wales (Australia). Recently recorded from Tonga (Ref. 53797).
Description: Dorsal soft rays (total): 27 - 30; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 26 - 29
Biology: Adults inhabit reef, weed, and rubble areas on shallow coral reefs (Ref. 43248, 48637), commonly found in seagrasses (Ref. 58881). Major food items include amphipods, polychaetes and molluscs (Ref. 58881). Oviparous (Ref. 205).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/speciessummary.php?id=7849
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Acreichthys tomentosus
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Fish
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D
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C
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Bristletail Filefish
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Aeolidiopsis harrietae (aka Baeolidia harrietae)
Synonyms: Baeolidia harrietae
Environment:
Size/Weight/Age: It can grow to 40mm in length.
Distribution: Known at present from the southwestern Pacific [Great Barrier Reef, New Caledonia].
Description: The animal broad and elongate, with a wide foot, rounded at the anterior end. It can grow to 40mm in length. The oral tentacles are relatively small with bluntly rounded tips. The rhinophores are short and rounded, and bear a few long papillae. The cerata are dorsoventrally flattened, broadly rounded along the anterior edge and with an angle about midway along the posterior edge. They are relatively large and lie out from the body, either held horizontally, or sometimes following the contour of the side of the body before extending out horizontally. The cerata are arranged in almost horizontal rows with a slight anterior downwards slope. They are arranged so that only the anterior edge of each ceras is shaded by the ceras in front. There is only one ceratal row anterior to the pericardium.
The whole animal appears a brownish straw colour from internal body fluids. All the dorsum has a network of fine red-brown specks, rather irregularly arranged on the head, but forming a transverse pattern on the dorsum behind the rhinophores. The dorsal side of the oral tentacles has similar markings and so do the rhinophores, except for the tip and the ends of the papillae, which are yellowish white. The anterior end of the foot and the posterior end of the foot also have this brown network. The part of the foot that lies beneath the cerata is straw coloured with white specks. The sides of the body beneath the cerata are straw coloured with only a very few patches of brown. The dorsal surface of the cerata is covered with a brown reticulate pattern but the edges and the ventral surface are not. There is a white tip to each ceras and white patches on the upper third of the dorsal side. There is also a distinctive white knob halfway along the posterior edge of each ceras. The sole of the foot is straw coloured.
The digestive gland branches in all the cerata, and as well as small tubules on the dorsal body wall there are many large tubules in the dorsal body cavity. The cells of the digestive gland contain many zooxanthellae, especially near the dorsal surface of the body and the posterior edge and upper third of each ceras. It is the zooxnathellae that give the animal its brown colouration. The cnidosac is relatively large.
Biology:
Data Sheet: http://www.seaslugforum.net/showall/aeolharr
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Aeolidiopsis harrietae (aka Baeolidia harrietae)
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Invert
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D
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B
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Zoanthid Eating Nudibranch
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Aeoliscus strigatus
Synonyms: Amphisile strigata
Environment: Marine; reef-associated; depth range 1 - 20 m
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 15.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 1602)
Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Tanzania (Ref. 51015) and Seychelles (Ref. 1623); then from southern Japan to New South Wales, Australia.
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 3; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 12. Recognized by hinged part of dorsal fin spine. Variable in color with habitat. Greenish-yellow with diffused stripe when in seagrass environment. Pale with black stripe when found on open substrate with white sand or rubble (Ref. 48635).
Biology: Form schools among the spines of Diadema or staghorn corals, and feed on minute crustaceans in the zooplankton. Remarkable for their strange body shape and swimming habit: the body is encased in an armor of thin, transparent plates; they swim in synchronized groups, each fish in a vertical position with the snout pointing downwards.
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/speciessummary.php?id=6503
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Aeoliscus strigatus
Has Successfully been bred and raised in captivity
Reference: http://www.tfrin.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=251714&ctNode=835&mp=3
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Fish
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D
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C
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Razorfish, Shrimp Fish
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Aiptasia sp.
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Food
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D
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FC0
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glass anenome
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Allenbatrachus grunniens
Synonyms: Batrachoides gangene, Batrachoides grunniens, Batrachus grunniens, Batrichthys grunniens, Cottus grunniens, Cottus indus, Halophryne gangene
Environment: Marine; brackish; demersal; pH range: 7.8 - 8.5; amphidromous (Ref. 51243). Tropical; 23°C - 28°C (Ref. 2059)
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 30.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 4833)
Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Recorded from the Persian Gulf (Ref. 80050). Known from the Mekong delta (Ref. 12693).
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 3; Dorsal soft rays (total): 18-22; Anal soft rays: 16 - 17; Vertebrae: 26 - 27.
Biology: Occurs in bottom areas mainly in the coastal waters. Euryhaline (Ref. 12041). Found in the sea and estuarine areas (Ref. 4833). Occurs in estuaries over muddy bottoms (Ref. 12693).
Data Sheet: www.fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6391
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Allenbatrachus grunniens
Has Successfully been bred and raised in captivity
Reference: http://www.rcthawaii.com/cvb/5.htm - on the list as Halophryne gangene
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Fish
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D
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A
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Grunting Toadfish
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Alpheus armatus
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Invert
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D
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D
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Red snapping shrimp
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Amblyeleotris randalli
Synonyms:
Environment: Reef-associated; marine, usually 25 - 50 m
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 12.0 cm SL male/unsexed;
Distribution: Western Pacific: Moluccas to the Solomon Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to the northern Great Barrier Reef; Palau in Micronesia.
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 7; Dorsal soft rays (total): 12; Anal spines: 1; Anal soft rays: 12. Distinctive ocellus on the rear base of the tall spinous dorsal fin.
Biology: Occurs on patches of carbonate sand of clear water reefs (Ref. 9710). Lives with an olivaceus prawn with short white transverse marks. Inhabits clear coastal to outer reef, usually in rubble caves
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/speciessummary.php?id=7232
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Amblyeleotris randalli
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Fish
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D
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C
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Randal's Prawn Goby
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Amblyglyphidodon aureus
Synonyms: Abudefduf aureus, Amblygliphidodon aureus, Glyphisodon aureus
Environment: Reef-associated; non-migratory; marine; depth range 3 - 45 m (Ref. 7247), usually 12 - 45 m (Ref. 9710)
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 13.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 48636)
Distribution: Western Pacific: Andaman Sea (Ref. 7247) and Christmas Island in the eastern Indian Ocean to Fiji, north to the Ryukyu Islands, south to Rowely Shoals (eastern Indian Ocean)and New Caledonia. Recently recorded from Tonga (Ref. 53797).
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 13; Dorsal soft rays (total): 12 - 16; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 14 - 15. Overall color is golden yellow with small bluish or purplish spots on the face.
Biology: Occurs in steep outer reef, occasionally in deep lagoons and along channel walls, usually in current prone habitats and where there are abundant gorgonian and long sea-whip corals on which they lay and guard eggs. Juveniles in small groups often found among large sea fans or black corals. Feeds on zooplankton.
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/speciessummary.php?id=5690
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Amblyglyphidodon aureus
Has Successfully been bred and raised in captivity
Reference: http://www.advancedaquarist.com/2008/4/breeder
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Fish
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D
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B
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Golden Damsel
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Amblyglyphidodon curacao
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Fish
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D
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B
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Staghorn Damsel
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Amblyglyphidodon ternatensis
Synonyms: Abudefduf philippinus, Glyphidodon nigrifrons, Glyphisodon schlegelii, Glyphisodon ternatensis
Environment: Marine; reef-associated; non-migratory; depth range 1 - 15 m (Ref. 48636)
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 10.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 7247)
Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia to Solomon Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands; Belau in Micronesia.
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 13; Dorsal soft rays (total): 11-12; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 12 - 13. Silvery to dusky yellow. This species closely resembles the sub adult of A. curacao with obscure stripes, but has a dusky upper caudal peduncle, a series of four light blotches along the base of the dorsal fin, and lower lateral line scale and pectoral ray counts. Eye usually yellow (Ref. 48636).
Biology: Adults are common among coral-rich areas of sheltered coastal reefs (Ref. 9710), with algae and staghorn corals to about 15 m depth, especially around the rock islands in Palau, they aggregate with A. curacao. They spawn in groups and each pair claims a small section of the reef (Ref. 7247). Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205). Eggs are laid on a cleared section of the coral and guarded by the parents (Ref. 48636).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/speciessummary.php?id=5692
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Amblyglyphidodon ternatensis
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Fish
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D
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B
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Ternate Damselfish
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Amblygobius phalaena
Synonyms: Amblygobius phaelena, Amblygobius phalaene, Gobius annulatus, Gobius phalaena
Environment: Reef-associated; marine; depth range 2 - 20 m (Ref. 1602), usually 2 - 20 m (Ref. 27115)
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 15.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9710)
Distribution: Tropical; 22°C - 30°C (Ref. 27115); 30°N - 32°S; Pacific Ocean: Philippines to the Society Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to southern Australia (including Lord Howe Island) and Rapa Island; throughout Micronesia. Replaced by Amblygobius albimaculatus in the Red Sea and Amblygobius semicinctus in the western Indian Ocean (Ref. 37816).
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 7; Dorsal soft rays (total): 14; Anal spines: 1; Anal soft rays: 14
Biology: Adults inhabit coastal reefs and lagoons on sand and rubble margins of algal reefs and sometimes near seagrass beds (Ref. 48637). Feed by sifting mouthfuls of sand and expelling it through the gills, to capture small invertebrates, organic matter, and large quantities of algae. Monogamous (Ref. 52884). Spawnings are synchronous with semilunar periods (Ref. 84980). Eggs are deposited in burrows which are tended by the male parent (Ref. 84980). Minimum depth reported from (Ref. 27115). Also (Ref. 58652).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/speciessummary.php?id=7198
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Amblygobius phalaena
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Fish
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D
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C
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Banded Sleeper Goby, Banded Goby, Hover Goby, Sleeper Banded Goby, Whitebarred Goby
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Americamysis bahia
Synonyms: Mysidopsis bahia
Environment: mud; sand; silt; shallow water grass-flats (Thalassia), 0.5-2m
Size/Weight/Age:
Distribution: Florida, Mexico, Texas
Description:
Biology: tolerates salinieties from 2-33L; commonly found in salinities >15L
Data Sheet:
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Americamysis bahia
Has Successfully been bred and raised in captivity
Reference:
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Food
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D
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FC2
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Amphiprion akallopisos
Synonyms: Amphiprion akallopisus, Phalerebus akallopisos
Environment: Reef-associated; non-migratory; marine; depth range 3 - 25 m
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 11.0 cm SL male/unsexed;
Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Madagascar, Comoro Islands, Seychelles, Andaman Sea, Sumatra and the Seribu Islands (Java Sea). Not found in Maldives and Sri Lanka (Ref. 4391).
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 8 - 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 17-20; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 12 - 14. Overall color is orange, with a thin white stripe (very narrow) running along the back from top of the head to caudal peduncle.
Biology: Found in shallow inshore reef habitats, often in strong current zones to about 15 m depth (Ref. 48636). Are protandrous hermaphrodites (Ref. 55367). Each pair is monogamous (Ref. 55367). Each anemone with a large female, a smaller functional male and several stunted juveniles; with the removal of the female, the male changes sex and the largest of the juveniles develops into a functional male (Ref. 4391). Associated with the anemones: Heteractis magnifica and Stichodactyla mertensii (Ref. 5911). May be reared in captivity (Ref. 35420).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8017
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Amphiprion akallopisos
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Fish
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D
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B
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Skunk Clown
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Amphiprion akindynos
Synonyms:
Environment: Reef-associated; non-migratory; marine; depth range 1 - 25 m (Ref. 7247)
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 9.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 7247)
Distribution: Western Pacific: eastern Australia (Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea, northern New South Wales), New Caledonia, and Loyalty Islands. Recently reported from Tonga (Ref. 53797).
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 10 - 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 14 - 17; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 13 - 14. Body and head orange with two black-edged white bars; the first running from the top of the head across the face, just behind the eye; the second from the mid portion of the dorsal fin. Caudal peduncle and caudal fin white.
Biology: Occurs in lagoon and outer reefs (Ref. 2334). Has been reared in captivity (Ref. 35407). Associated with the anemones: Entacmaea quadricolor, Heteractis aurora, Heteractis crispa, Heteractis magnifica, Stichodactyla haddoni, and Stichodactyla mertensii (Ref. 5911).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?ID=11959
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Amphiprion akindynos
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Fish
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D
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B
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Barrier Reef Clownfish
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Amphiprion allardi
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Fish
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D
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B
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Allard's Clown, Twobar anemonefish
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