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[Reports]
Species
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Spawning
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Common Name(s) |
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Salaria pavo
Synonyms: Blennius pavo, Lipophrys pavo
Environment: Demersal; brackish; marine
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 13.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 5981)
Distribution: Subtropical; 51°N - 20°N, 18°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic: Atlantic coast from France to Morocco; also in the Mediterranean and Black seas and in the Suez Canal
Description:
Biology: Occur in the intertidal zone and shallow bottoms, on rocks or sand between pebbles and vegetation (Ref. 5981). Often in brackish waters down to 5 ppt (Ref. 5981). Inhabit crevices or piddock holes, males remain in cavities above water-level during low tide (Ref. 5981). Feed on benthic invertebrates, mainly mollusks, also algae (Ref. 5981). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Eggs are demersal and adhesive (Ref. 205). Has been reared in captivity (Ref. 35421).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Salaria-pavo
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Salaria pavo
 Has Successfully been bred and raised in captivity
Reference:
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Peacock blenny
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Salarias fasciatus
Synonyms: Blennius fasciatus, Salarias quadripennis
Environment: Reef-associated; marine; depth range 0 - 8 m (Ref. 9710)
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 14.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 48636)
Distribution: Tropical; 30°N - 23°S, 32°E - 169°W
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to Samoa, north to the Ryukyu Islands, south to the Great Barrier Reef and New Caledonia.
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 12; Dorsal soft rays (total): 18-20; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 19 - 21. Numerous pale spots, dark streaks anteriorly, and several dusky bands (Ref. 4404).
Biology: Inhabit reef flats as well as shallow lagoon and seaward reefs. Also found in estuarine areas with algae-rich rubble patches on reef flats and slopes. Intertidal to a few meters depth (Ref. 48636). Usually found in areas of mixed coral, sand, and rubble (Ref. 9710). Feed by scraping off algae (Ref. 1602). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Eggs are demersal and adhesive (Ref. 205). Neither fang nor venom gland is present (Ref. 57406). Also (Ref. 58652).
Data Sheet: http://fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?id=6058
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Salarias fasciatus
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Lawnmower Blenny, Jewelled blenny
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Salarias ramosus
Synonyms:
Environment:
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 14.0 cm
Distribution: Western Central Pacific: Philippines to northwestern Australia.
Description: White frills on the head; dark brown body with numerous small pearly spots and few white blotches over back (Ref. 48636).
Biology: Via Fishbase.org - Occurs in shallow, protected inshore reefs and in estuaries to depths of about 15 m (Ref. 48636); also on sand-weed areas on rocky outcrops. Forms small groups, usually seen near reef rubble margins of coral reefs (Ref. 48636). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Eggs are demersal and adhesive (Ref. 205).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/speciessummary.php?id=59272
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Salarias ramosus
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Starry Blenny
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Sansibia sp. "Blue"
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Invert
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N/A
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A
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Blue Xenia
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Scartella cristata
Synonyms: Adonis cristatus, Blennius arboreus, Blennius asterias, Blennius crinitus, Blennius cristatus, Blennius microstomus, Blennius pinaru, Scartella cristatus, Scartella microstoma
Environment: Reef-associated; marine; depth range 0 - 10 m (Ref. 9710)
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 12.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 13628)
Distribution: Tropical
Western Atlantic: Bermuda, Florida (USA), and northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil. Eastern Atlantic: Mauritania and the Canary Islands to about Möwe Bay, Namibia. Also known in the southern parts of Mediterranean, including the following most southern localities of the northern coast: Torremolinos and Taramay near Motril (Spain), Sicily, Kyra Island (Gulf of Aigina) and near Palaea Epidavros, Peloponnes (Greece) (Ref. 5298). Northwest Pacific: Japan (Ref. 559, 9137, 35771) and Taiwan.
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 12; Dorsal soft rays (total): 14-15; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 14 - 17. Resembles P. yatabei but easily distinguished by a median series of cirri on nape. A short supraorbital cirrus present (Ref. 559). Dull green or olive with dark bars on body which extend into lower part of dorsal fin (Ref. 13442).
Biology: Inhabit shallow rocky areas and tide pools. Hide in empty Strombus gigas shells (Ref. 13628), holes or troughs of rocks, or between algae (Ref. 5981). Herbivorous (Ref. 13442). Unusual erectile nuchal crest (Ref. 41019). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Eggs are demersal and adhesive (Ref. 205).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?id=3770
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Scartella cristata
Has Successfully been bred and raised in captivity
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Molly Miller Blenny
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Selene vomer
Synonyms: Zeus gallus, Zeus vomer
Environment: Marine; brackish; demersal; depth range 1 - 53 m (Ref. 9710)
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 48.3 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9626); common length : 35.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 5217); max. published weight: 2,100 g (Ref. 40637)
Distribution: Western Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951) to Maine to Florida, USA (possibly from Nova Scotia, Canada), along coasts of central and south America (Ref. 26938) to Uruguay, including Bermuda and Gulf of Mexico (Ref. 9626). Rare in Greater Antilles (Ref. 26938).
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 23; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 18. Pelvic fin small.
Biology: Found in shallow coastal waters, usually over hard or sandy bottoms. Juveniles may be encountered in estuarine areas (Ref. 9626) and off sandy beaches (Ref. 5217). Found in schools, but may be encountered in small groups or in pairs (Ref. 26235). Feeds on small crabs, shrimps, fishes, and worms. Flesh has excellent flavor (Ref. 5521). Marketed fresh (Ref. 9710).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/speciessummary.php?id=1004
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Selene vomer
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Lookdown
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Sepia bandensis
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Invert
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Dwarf Cuttlefish
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Serranus annularis
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Orangeback Basslet
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Serranus subligarius
Synonyms: Centropristis subligarius
Environment: Demersal; marine; depth range ? - 18 m (Ref. 26938)
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 10.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 7251)
Distribution: Subtropical; 37°N - 24°N
Western Atlantic: North Carolina to Florida (rare in Keys) and Texas, USA. Reported from Mexico and Cuba (Ref. 26340).
Description: Stubby sea bass with a pointed snout.
Biology: Occurs from water's edge to at least 18 m depth, often in silty water. Synchronously hermaphroditic. Not a coral-reef species (Ref. 26938).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/speciessummary.php?id=3348
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Serranus subligarius
Has Successfully been bred and raised in captivity
Reference:
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Belted Sandfish
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Serranus tigrinus
Synonyms: Holocentrus tigrinus
Environment: Marine; reef-associated; depth range ? - 40 m (Ref. 9710)
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 29.0 cm FL male/unsexed; (Ref. 6937)
Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bermuda and southern Florida, USA to northern South America; throughout the Caribbean (Ref. 13442). Including Antilles (Ref. 26938).
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 10; Dorsal soft rays (total): 12. Snout long and pointed. Black stripes and bars forming irregular rectangles on body. Has unique pointed snout and distinct color pattern make it easy to identify (Ref. 26938).
Biology: Most common in areas with rock or scattered coral. Solitary or in pairs. Feeds mainly upon crustaceans (Ref. 5521). Synchronously hermaphroditic. The most common member of the genus (Ref. 9710).
Data Sheet: http://fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?ID=3350
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Serranus tigrinus
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Harlequin Bass, Harlequin Basslet
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Serranus tortugarum
Synonyms:
Environment: Marine; reef-associated; depth range 12 - 396 m (Ref. 9710), usually 18 - 90 m (Ref. 7251). Tropical
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 8.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9710)
Distribution: Western Atlantic: southern Florida (USA), Bahamas, Honduras and Virgin Islands; probably widespread in Caribbean reef areas. Including Antilles (Ref. 26938).
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 10; Dorsal soft rays (total): 12
Biology: Found over rubble, silty or sandy bottoms (Ref. 9710). Often in small groups hovering over a patch of coral rubble or an old conch shell (Ref. 13442). Feeds on plankton (Ref. 9710). Synchronously hermaphroditic. Difficult to approach (Ref. 9710).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.gr/summary/3351
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Serranus tortugarum
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Chalk bass
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Siganus canaliculatus
Synonyms: Amphacanthus dorsalis, Amphacanthus guttatus oramin, Chaetodon canaliculatus, Siganus oramin, Teuthis dorsalis, Teuthis oramin,
Environment: Marine; brackish; reef-associated; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 3 - 50 m (Ref. 9813)
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 30.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 11441); common length : 20.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9813)
Length at first maturity, range 18 - ? cm
Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Cambodia, Viet Nam, south China, Taiwan and Western Australia. Also known from Ryukyu Islands; Palau and Yap in Micronesia (Ref. 1602) and Melanesia (Ref. 712).
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 13; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10; Anal spines: 7; Anal soft rays: 9; Vertebrae: 23. Body silvery gray above, silvery below; a touch of olive green on nape and upper surface of head; fright pattern mottled with pale cream and dark brown; usually fish display a dark patch just below origin of lateral line. Preopercular angle 89°-96°; cheeks appear to be scaleless but sometimes with few to many, fine, embedded scales on lower 2/3; midline of thorax scaleless between pelvic ridges. Margin of anterior nostril encircled by a low flange with the flap extending towards posterior flap; flap shortens with increasing size. Closely resembles S. fuscescens but differs by its slightly more pointed snout and longer pectoral fins (1.1-1.3 in HL vs. 1.4-1.5 in S. fuscescens) (Ref. 1602). Color pattern is similar to that of S. argenteus and S. fuscescens.
Biology: Inhabit inshore, algae reefs, estuaries and in large lagoons with algae-rubble habitats. Mainly common on rocky substrates (Ref. 48637). In contrast to S. fuscescens, this species seems to tolerate more turbid waters, occurring within the vicinity of river mouths especially around seagrass beds. Adults also occur several kilometers offshore in deep, clear waters. Juveniles form very large schools in shallow bays and coral reef flats; school size reduces with size, with adults occurring in groups of 20 individuals or so. Herbivorous, feed on benthic algae and to some extent on seagrass. Consumed as food; and have poisonous spines (Ref. 4537).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/speciessummary.php?id=4456
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Siganus canaliculatus
Has Successfully been bred and raised in captivity
Reference: http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/5335/1/12.pdf
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White-spotted Spinefoot, Rabbitfish
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Siganus guttatus
Synonyms: Amphacanthus concatenatus, Amphacanthus firmamentum, Amphacanthus guttatus, Chaetodon guttatus, Siganus concatenatus, Teuthis concatenata, Teuthis guttata
Environment: Marine; brackish; reef-associated; depth range 3 - 6 m (Ref. 9813)
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 42.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9710); common length : 25.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9813)
Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean and Western Pacific: Andaman Islands, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia (including Irian Jaya), Viet Nam, Ryukyus, southern and eastern China, Taiwan, South China Sea, Philippines, and Palau. Replaced by Siganus lineatus to the west, south and east of the region described by the said localities.
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 13; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10; Anal spines: 7; Anal soft rays: 9; Vertebrae: 13. Dusky blue dorsally, silvery below; a bright yellow spot adjacent to last few rays of dorsal fin; head with lines and spots. Preopercular angle 91°-102°; strong scales fully cover the cheeks; midline of thorax scaled, not the pelvic ridges. Anterior nostril with extremely low rim, slightly expanded posteriorly. Spines stout, pungent, venomous.
Biology: Inhabits turbid inshore reefs among mangroves; tolerates or even prefers low salinities. Fry settles in seagrass beds around river mouths and adults enter and leave rivers with the tide, but also found on the drop-offs of inshore fringing reefs down to 6 m. Schools throughout life; school size for adults around 10 or 15. Feeds on benthic algae. Unlike other siganids, this species is reported to be active at night. Sold fresh in markets (Ref. 9813, 48637).
Data Sheet: http://fishbase.sinica.edu.tw/summary/speciessummary.php?id=4588
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Siganus guttatus
Has Successfully been bred and raised in captivity
Reference: http://aquaticcommons.org/436/1/aquaculture-asia-july-07.pdf
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Orange-spotted Rabbitfish, Goldlined spinefoot
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Siganus lineatus
Synonyms: Amphacanthus lineatus, Siganus aurolineatus, Teuthis flava, Teuthis lineata, Teuthis lineatus
Environment: Marine; reef-associated; depth range 0 - ? m (Ref. 27115), usually ? - 20 m (Ref. 27115)
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 43.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9710); common length : 25.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9813)
Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Maldives, Laccadive Archipelago, India, Sri Lanka, Ogasawara Islands (Japan), eastern Indonesia, New Guinea, Australia, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia and Philippines; Palau and Yap in Micronesia. Records from Viet Nam (Ref. 2682) is probably Siganus guttatus.
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 13; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10; Anal spines: 7; Anal soft rays: 9; Vertebrae: 13. Blue dorsally, silvery below; a bright yellow spot below last few rays of dorsal fin; a prominent blue line beside posterior margin of orbit running diagonally across cheek to corner of mouth. Preopercular angle 92°-104°; strong scales almost completely cover cheeks; midline of thorax scaled, not pelvic ridges. Anterior nostril encircled by a very low rim, slightly expanded posteriorly. Spines stout, pungent and venomous.
Biology: Juveniles found in mangrove areas and seagrass flats; adults in protected waters such as lagoons and bays in the vicinity of rocky substrata or reefs. Forms schools that diminish with age, down to 10-25 fish by adult stage, although congregations may consist of several thousand fish during spawning period. Feeds by scraping encrusting algae from beach rock or pavement areas of coral reefs or by browsing on larger coarse algae. Common in markets where it is sold fresh (Ref. 9813).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.us/summary/speciessummary.php?id=4625
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Siganus lineatus
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Golden-lined Spinefoot
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Siganus rivulatus
Synonyms: Amphacanthus rivulata, Amphacanthus sigan, Amphacanthus siganus, Scarus siganus, Siganus siganus, Teuthis rivulata, Teuthis rivulatus, Teuthis sigan, Teuthis sigana, Teuthis siganus
Environment: Marine; brackish; reef-associated; depth range ? - 30 m (Ref. 50672)
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 27.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 50671); common length : 20.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 30573)
Length at first maturity 13.7 cm
Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: several localities in East Africa, and from the Red Sea to the eastern Mediterranean via the Suez Canal.
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 13; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10; Anal spines: 7; Anal soft rays: 9; Vertebrae: 23. Upper body gray, green or brownish, silvery below; iris iridescent silver or golden. Body color patterns extend to the fins. Spines slender, pungent and venomous. Preopercular angle 88°-96°; cheeks scaled; midline of thorax, isthmus and midline of belly without scales. Frightened fish become mottled or with 6 diagonal zones across side. Tip of broad-based flap of anterior nostril reaching at least halfway to orifice of posterior nostril.
Biology: Inhabits shallow waters and generally in schools of 50 to several hundred individuals; prefers protected areas. Feeds by grazing on algae.
Data Sheet: www.fishbase.org/summary/speciessummary.php?id=127045
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Siganus rivulatus
Has Successfully been bred and raised in captivity
Reference: http://ressources.ciheam.org/om/pdf/c47/00600630.pdf
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Marbled Spinefoot
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Siganus vermiculatus
Synonyms: Amphacanthus vermiculatus, Siganus shortlandensis, Teuthis vermiculata, Teuthis vermiculatus
Environment: Marine; brackish; reef-associated; depth range 15 - 20 m (Ref. 48637) - Tropical; 19°C - 38°C (Ref. 1827); 30°N - 30°S
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 45.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 1419); common length : 30.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9813)
Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: India, Sri Lanka, Andaman Islands, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines, Belau [=Palau], Guam, New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Fiji, Vanuatu, ?New Caledonia, ?Western Australia, ?Pohnpei, Caroline Islands, ?Ebon Island and Marshall Islands.
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 13; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10; Anal spines: 7; Anal soft rays: 9; Vertebrae: 13. Body bluish white; head brown to brownish or golden yellow with irregular blue lines. Preopercular angle 91°-102°; strong overlapping scales cover cheeks; midline of thorax scaled, not pelvic ridges. Anterior nostril with low flange, broadened slightly posteriorly. Spines stout, blunt or pungent, and venomous.
Biology: Juveniles live among mangroves then move out to lagoon and coastal reefs as they mature. Forms schools. Feeds on algae growing on seagrasses, mangrove roots and rocks. Adults congregate inshore in groups of several hundreds to spawn in summer. Spawning is by pairs; sticky eggs laid on the bottom. Its very high quality flesh commands premium prices (Ref. 9813). Adults on coastal reefs, subject to strong currents (Ref. 48637). This species can tolerate very low salinities (2 ppt) and temperatures up to 38 C (Ref. 37816).
Data Sheet: www.fishbase.org/summary/speciessummary.php?id=4561
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Siganus vermiculatus
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Vermiculated rabbitfish
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Signigobius biocellatus
Synonyms:
Environment: Reef-associated; marine; depth range 1 - 30 m (Ref. 1602), usually 2 - 30 m (Ref. 27115)
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 10.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 48637)
Distribution: Tropical; 22°C - 27°C (Ref. 27115); 19°N - 24°S
Western Pacific: Philippines to the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu, south to the southern Great Barrier Reef; Palau in Micronesia.
Description: Dorsalspines (total): 7; Dorsalsoft rays (total): 10-11; Analspines: 1; Analsoft rays: 10 - 11. Conspicuous ocellated dorsal fins.
Biology: Occurs in sandy to silty bottoms of lagoons and coastal bays near coral, rubble or leaf litter shelter. Feeds on small interstitial invertebrates by sifting mouthfuls of sand. Monogamous (Ref. 52884) ,(Ref. 48637).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/speciessummary.php?id=7245
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Signigobius biocellatus
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Twinspot goby
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Solegnathus spinosissimus
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Spiny Sea Dragon
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Sparisoma atomarium
Synonyms: Scarus atomarius
Environment: Marine; reef-associated; depth range 20 - 55 m (Ref. 9710)
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 25.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 26340)
Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bermuda, southern Florida (USA), and Bahamas to northern South America.
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 9. Initial phase olive-brown, finely mottled with pale pink, with whitish stripes (most evident on ventral half of body); one changeable color phase with a broad dark stripe from snout, enclosing eye, and passing along upper side; terminal males with a broad band of olive or red on upper side, finely flecked with other colors, the ventral half with iridescent light blue-green and wavy orange stripes; a bright green blotch as large as eye on shoulder region behind upper end of gill opening, sometimes containing one or two deep blue spots (Ref. 13442).
Biology: Inhabits deep rocky and coral reefs with steep walls (Ref. 9710). Generally seen in seagrass beds or on reefs with thick algal cover (Ref. 13442). A protogynous hermaphrodite (Ref. 55367).
Data Sheet: www.fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3675
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Sparisoma atomarium
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Greenblotch Parrotfish
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Sphaeramia nematoptera
Synonyms: Apogon nematopterus
Environment: Reef-associated; marine; depth range 1 - 14 m (Ref. 11890)
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 8.5 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 48635)
Distribution: Western Pacific: Java to Fiji, north to the Ryukyu Islands, south to the Great Barrier Reef. Recently recorded from Tonga (Ref. 53797).
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 7 - 8; Dorsal soft rays (total): 9 - 9; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 9 - 10. Distinctive species with tail fins and brightly colored red eyes. Broad black central body band and head yellow (Ref. 48635).
Biology: Forms aggregations among the branches of Porites nigrescens and P. cylindrica in sheltered bays and lagoons (Ref. 1602, 48635). Disperses at night to feed close to the bottom (Ref. 9710). Has been reared in captivity (Ref. 35407). Popular aquarium fish (Ref. 37816).
Data Sheet: http://fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?ID=5778
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Sphaeramia nematoptera
Has Successfully been bred and raised in captivity
Reference: http://www.orafarm.com/products/fish/cardinals/pajama.html
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Pajama Cardinal
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